The Constitution of India took almost three years to be drafted but eventually, on the 26th of January 1950, the first elected Constituent Assembly of India, agreed on it. Good resourcesĭisclaimer: I am a new learner, so use these notes with caution.Bengali is one of the officially recognised languages of the Union of India according to the Eight Schedule of the Indian Constitution. I wrote a small quiz to test myself with random questions. So, the mainline contains full letters while a half letter is beneath the full letter, after which it is pronounced. Unlike Hindi, half letters are always written below a full letter.More often than not, even for the same Hindi word, the full letter appears to be used, both for writing and speaking. It seems half letters are uncommon in Punjabi.This modifier is pronounced with a slight ग at the end. This modifier is pronounced exactly like the Bindu in Hindi. Contrast this with halant in Devanagri, which is 50%-emphasis as opposed to 150% emphasis in Gurmukhi. Notably in some characters, the continuity of the top line is reversed, for example, ਘ is घ, ਪ is प, ਮ is म, ਧ is ध. ਢ – the first one is फ and the second one is ढ ਪ – the first one is य, the second one is ध, and the third one is प ਹ – the first one is ग, the second one is र (note the missing danda), and the third one is ह (the circle doesn’t close) Warning: ਫ looks similar to ढ but is फĬonsonants in Gurmukhi that are similar to a different consonants in DevanagariĬonsonants in Gurmukhi that are very similar to each other but different in pronunciation This is also used in dialect like Haryanvi and Mewari but not in the standard Hindi dialectĬonsonants in Gurmukhi that are similar or identical to their counterpart in Devanagari Retroflex L that’s used in Marathi and Sanskrit. There seems to be no equivalent of ष in Gurmukhi Gurmukhi one looks like the left half of the Devanagari one There are 30 basic consonants ( vyanjana) Consonants

This letter forms the basis for आ, ऐ, and औ There are five vowels ( matra) with the small and the big sounds. However, it is much easier to map Punjabi (Gurmukhi) to Hindi (Devanagari) letters for a native Hindi speaker, as almost all Gurmukhi letters map really well to the Devanagari counterparts. I was a bit taken aback by the fact that most articles and videos were aimed at teaching Punjabi (Gurmukhi) to English speakers. Out of curiosity, I decided to spend some time learning Gurmukhi. Most native Hindi speakers like me are familiar with Punjabi vocabulary through Punjabi music.

Hindi letters with bengali